Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia – Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a dropGenerally, by undergoing comprehensive natural
in the number of red blood cells due to a problemmedicine testing, the reasons the body is
with the body's defense (immune) system.producing antibodies against itself can be found.
Folic acid deficiency anemia. Folic acid is a memberSome of these reasons include sensitivities or
of the vitamin B family. It is used in theallergies to foods, inhalants and chemicals and
production of new red blood cells. Some people dovarious infections.
not get enough folic acid in their normal diet, soDiagnosis
their bodies are unable to produce enough redYour doctor will ask about your symptoms,
blood cells. In other cases, the body may not bemedications, and medical history, and perform a
able to properly use the folic acid eaten.physical exam. You will most likely be referred to
Causesa hematologist.
Idiopathic autoimmune hemolytic anemia is anTests may include the following:
acquired disease that occurs when antibodiesExtensive blood testing
form against a person's own red blood cells. In theUrinalysis
idiopathic form of this disease, the cause isTreatment
unknown.In cases where symptoms of autoimmune
There are other types of immune hemolytichemolytic anemia are mild, or when the
anemias where the cause may result from andestruction of red blood cells seems to be
underlying disease or medication. Idiopathicdecreasing on its own, individuals may not require
autoimmune hemolytic anemia accounts forany medical treatment.
one-half of all immune hemolytic anemias. TheHowever, in cases when anemia is caused by an
onset of the disease may be quite rapid and veryunderlying source, such as mononucleosis or viral
serious.medications used to treat mono, treatment will
Symptomsusually involve dealing with this underlying cause.
Symptoms in AIHA vary according to theTreatment may also involve taking immune
severity of the condition. Common symptomssystem suppressant drugs such as steroids or
include fever, fatigue, pale skin, weakness,gamma globulin to help suppress the system’s
dizziness, confusion, low blood pressure,attack of red blood cells.
intolerance to physical activity, enlarged liver,The most frequent course of therapy for AIHA is
increased heart rate and heart murmur. Whenthe administration of high doses of corticosteroids
RBC destruction is rapid, mild jaundice, a yellowingsuch as prednisone, which have a pronounced
of the skin and eyes associated with dark urineanti-inflammatory and immunosupressive action
can occur. If RBC destruction persists forthat impairs functions of various components of
extended periods, the spleen can becomethe immune system. Once the disease is in
enlarged, causing symptoms of abdominal fullnessremission, low dose, intermittent therapy is
or bloating.continued for several months. Some dogs,
When the cause of autoimmune hemolytic anemiahowever, do not respond to corticosteroid
is another disease, symptoms of the underlyingtreatment and require more potent
disease, such as swollen and tender lymph nodesimmunosuppressive drugs that are often
and fever, may dominate.combined with corticosteroid treatment. Such
Conventional medical treatments may help relievedrugs include cytotoxic agents such as
the symptoms of autoimmune hemolytic anemiaazathioprine and cyclophosphamide.
but they do not address the root of the problem.